During your time in the Ross Sea region, you will visit the highlights of Antarctica's most historic region. Due to the unpredictable nature of ice and weather conditions, a day-by-day itinerary is not possible. The Captain and Expedition Leader will assess daily conditions and take advantage of every opportunity to make landings or send you out in the Zodiacs. The program emphasizes wildlife viewing, key scientific bases, and historic sites, as well as the spectacular scenery of the coastal terrain, the glaciers and icebergs of the Ross Sea. While specific landings cannot be guaranteed, we hope to visit the following: Cape Adare, a large flat spit of land teeming with the staggering sight of Antarctica's largest Adelie penguin rookery, a tumult of chattering, feeding chicks, territorial disputes, petty pilfering, and courtship displays. Curious penguins often come very close, offering superb photographic opportunities. Among the shifting mass of penguins you will find Carsten Borchgrevink's Hut, the oldest in Antarctica, an overwintering shelter for the first expedition to the continent in 1899. At Cape Hallett, the enormous Admiralty Range heralds your arrival. Wild and extraordinary, the mountains rear up towering out of the sea to over 13,000 feet high and are bounded by colossal glaciers. Land at an abandoned base site, now home to large numbers of Adelie penguins and Weddell seals. Franklin Island is desolately beautiful and rugged, and home to a large Adelie penguin population and other nesting seabirds. The Possession Islands are rarely visited; small and rugged, these rocks support tens of thousands of penguins. Observe the birds' busy and humorous activity, with the Admiralty Mountains forming a superb backdrop across the water. The Ross Ice Shelf is the world's largest body of floating ice and a natural barrier, at times creating hazardous weather, with sheets of snow blown at gale force by winds off the polar ice cap. Just 800 miles from the South Pole, this daunting spectacle prevented many early explorers from venturing further south. Cruise along its dizzying 100-foot-high ice cliffs, perhaps lucky enough to see icebergs calving. On Ross Island you may visit Shackleton's and Scott's huts and visits to a scientific field station (Scott and McMurdo Stations are high on our wish list but ice, weather, and station operational requirements often make them inaccessible). Ross Island was, and is, the hub of activity in the Ross Sea, dominated by Mt. Erebus, a monstrous active volcano named after the ancient Greek god of darkness. The carefully preserved huts of the "Heroic Era" help make history come alive. If we can reach the bases, you will get a modern perspective on Antarctic Research. In Terra Nova Bay, scientists at an Italian research station are always hospitable and enjoy showing us around their lonely but beautiful home. They share with us their scientific research and also, perhaps, the best espresso in Antarctica! Nearby is the German base, Gondwana Station, which is used occasionally, and the South Korean station, Jang Bogo, and on Inexpressible Island, China is building its fifth Antarctic base.